Numeric Types

In SQL, numeric data types are used to store numerical values.

The specific numeric data types can vary slightly between different database systems (like MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, etc.), but here are the most common SQL numeric data types:

🔢 1. Integer Types

INT or INTEGER:
- A standard integer
- Typically ranges from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 (signed) or 0 to 4,294,967,295 (unsigned).
- Use Case: Counting things like number of items, user IDs, etc.
  - UserID: An INT works well for unique identifiers (up to ~2 billion).
  - Age: A TINYINT since age is usually under 150.
  - FollowersCount: Use BIGINT if you might exceed 2 billion (think of popular social media accounts).
```
CREATE TABLE products (
  product_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR(100),
  quantity_in_stock INT
);
INSERT INTO products VALUES (1, 'Water Bottle', 150);
```

TINYINT :

A very small integer
Typically ranges from -128 to 127 (signed) or 0 to 255 (unsigned).

CREATE TABLE example_tinyint (
    age TINYINT
);

INSERT INTO example_tinyint (age) VALUES (25);

SMALLINT :

A small integer
Typically ranges from -32,768 to 32,767 (signed) or 0 to 65,535 (unsigned)

CREATE TABLE example_smallint (
    score SMALLINT
);

INSERT INTO example_smallint (score) VALUES (1500);

MEDIUMINT :
- A medium-sized integer
- Typically ranges from -8,388,608 to 8,388,607 (signed) or 0 to 16,777,215 (unsigned).
BIGINT:
- A large integer
- Typically ranges from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (signed) or 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (unsigned).

📐 2. Floating-Point Types

FLOAT :
- A floating-point number
- The precision can vary, but it typically allows for a range of values with a certain number of decimal places.
DOUBLE :
- A double-precision floating-point number
- It provides more precision than FLOAT.
REAL :
- Similar to FLOAT, but the exact precision can depend on the database system.

💵 3. Decimal Types

DECIMAL or NUMERIC :
- These types are used for fixed-point numbers
- They allow you to specify the total number of digits and the number of digits after the decimal point
- For example:
  - DECIMAL(10, 2) can store numbers up to 10 digits in total, with 2 digits after the decimal point.

Numeric Data Type Summary

Data Type	Description
`INT`	Standard integer
`SMALLINT`	Small integer
`TINYINT`	Very small integer
`MEDIUMINT`	Medium-sized integer
`BIGINT`	Large integer
`DECIMAL`	Fixed-point number with specified precision
`NUMERIC`	Similar to DECIMAL
`FLOAT`	Floating-point number
`DOUBLE`	Double-precision floating-point number
`REAL`	Similar to FLOAT
`BIT`	Stores binary values

Numeric Types

🔢 1. Integer Types

📐 2. Floating-Point Types

💵 3. Decimal Types

Numeric Data Type Summary

🔤 String / Character Data Types